Bearing in mind, that I am relatively new to the subject, I would appreciate it if someone could enlighten me on the following:

1. I would like to know how a black hole interacts with it's surroundings if most of it's mass is situated inside the event horison? Since it is forbidden for anything to escape a black hole beneath the event horizon, how does gravity manage to overcome this restriction.

2. Is a gravity wave part of the electromagnetic spectrum,

3. is it simply an effect of gravity or does it cause gravity?